Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, Spain

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The Iberian Peninsula was a melting pot of religions and cultures for centuries. In the early 8th century, the Umayyad Caliphate conquered most of it, bringing the wisdom of ancient Greek and Roman philosophers to their new territory, named Al-Andalus. Had the Visigoths resisted the Arab invasion, Europeans might have faced difficulties rediscovering the classical scholars during the Renaissance. But let's stay on track here.

Nothing lasts forever, especially great empires. The Umayyad Caliphate, once larger than present-day Canada, eventually crumbled. In 929, the Emirate of Cordoba, emirate means a province, claimed independence and became the Cordoba Caliphate. As you can guess, Córdoba became the capital of this new sovereign Caliphate, deserving a mosque befitting its status - the Great Mosque of Córdoba. Córdoba indeed had a mosque by then. Yet its history is intricate. Are you ready to delve into it? I'll tell you more as we walk by its massive walls in a distinctive Moorish style.

Pyrenejský poloostrov byl po staletí místem, kde se střetávaly různé kultury a náboženství. Na začátku 7. století se většinu z něho podařilo dobít Umájovcům, kteří mimo jiné no nově vzniklého emirátu Al-Andalus přinesli povědomí o řecké a římské vzdělanosti. Kdyby se Vizigótům podařilo arabskou invazi odrazit, evropská renesance by vypadala úplně jinak. A možná by ani pořádně nevznikla. Ale to jsem hodně odbočil.

Nic netrvá věčně, a pro velké říše to platí tuplem. Chalífát Umájovců byl svého času větší než dnešní Kanada, a tak není divu, že se brzy rozpadl. A tak roce 929 vyhlásil Kordobský emirát, tedy provincie chalífátu, nezávislost a stal se samostatným chalífátem. Jak asi tušíte, Córdoba se stala hlavním městem nového útvaru. A tak potřebovala mít reprezentativní mešitu. Jedna už v ní byla, malinká. A jak to s ní bylo dál, to se dozvíte v tomhle článku. Nejdřív se však musíme dostat dovnitř, a tak nám nezbývá než projít kolem masivních zdí v maurském stylu.


Let's start with the most recent chapter, which paradoxly links to the oldest history of the sanctuary. And there's politics involved. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984, the Mosque-Cathedral is one of the most visited places in Spain and worldwide. A place of huge interest. Why, you ask? Well, when Christians reclaimed Córdoba, they chose not to demolish the mosque but instead started using it as a cathedral. Over the centuries, they expanded it, resulting in a unique blend of two religions and various architectural styles that captivates visitors today.

Now, onto the ongoing dispute. Since the Reconquista, the Catholic Church has claimed ownership due to its role as a cathedral. However, the former Mayor of Córdoba advocated for it to become public property, calling it a national treasure. The Catholic Church supports its claim by noting the venue's original use for Christian rites, as there was once a Visigothic Christian church of Saint Vincent of Saragossa on the site, with its foundations incorporated into the mosque's oldest sections. While some historians dispute this, the Catholic Church currently administers the cathedral. Will it last?

Začneme však trochu zvláštně historií nejmladší. Mešita-katedrála byla v roce 1984 vyhlášena světovou památkou UNESCO. Jde o jedno z nejnavštěvovanějších míst ve Španělsku, a tedy i na světě. A tak se tu střetává spousta zájmů, včetně těch politických. A co že je na téhle svatyni zvláštního? Inu, když ji dostali do rukou křesťané, mešitu nezničili. Mešitu zachovali, jen ji začali využívat jako katedrálu. A postupně ji dostavovali. Takže vznikla unikátní symbióza dvou náboženství a mnoha architektonických stylů, která udivuje návštěvníky z celého světa.

Nu, a teď k tomu střetu zájmů. Od dobytí Córdoby je mešita-katedrála v majetku katolické církve. Ale minulý starosta města ji chtěl coby národní poklad z církevního majetku vyčlenit. U nás se děje něco podobného s katedrálou sv. Víta, stát a církev se o ni soudí/soudily. V případě mešity-katedrály církev tvrdí, že na jejím místě původně stával vizigótský kostel Svatého Vavřince ze Saragossy, a tak jde odjakživa o církevní pozemek. Kostel měl být zbořen a na jeho základech prý muslimové vystavěli mešitu. Někteří historici tuhle tezi rozporují, nicméně církev dnes památku spravuje. Kdo ví, jak dlouho jí to vydrží.


While I shared my insights, we finally arrived at the entrance to the Court of Oranges. If you're curious about the fruits and the old town of Córdoba, feel free to get back to my previous post. Imagine us arriving amidst the typical Andalusian heat, prompting us to seek rest in the shade of orange trees. Take a few moments to enjoy the views and get us back in time.

Whether the church existed in this very spot during that era remains uncertain. Yet Christians had alternative places of worship in the city, some shared with the new Muslim rulers. In 785, they finally decided to build their mosque, initially a modest one that underwent several expansions, which quadrupled its capacity by the year 1000.

The bell tower that now dominates the Court of Oranges is relatively young, dating back to the late 16th century. It replaced an original minaret from the 10th century, a magnificent engineering marvel standing at 47 meters (157 ft) in height. Its successor is slightly taller, reaching 7 meters higher and claiming the title of the city's highest point.

Now that we've refreshed ourselves, shall we enter? An admission ticket is required, and I strongly recommend purchasing it online in advance, especially during peak seasons. In late December, there were enough free slots, but thanks to purchasing the tickets online, we skipped a 20-minute long queue.

A to už přicházíme na Pomerančový dvůr. Jak už asi víte z mého minulého článku nejen o starém městě, Córdoba je město plné pomerančovníků. Představte si, že jsme sem dorazili v typickém horkém dni, a tak se posaďme do stínu stromů, odpočiňme si a pokochejme se výhledy.

Zda tu kdysi skutečně stával kostel, by asi definitivně určil jen důkladný archeologický průzkum. V každém případě měli křesťané v době emirátu v Córdobě vícero míst, kde se scházeli a modlili. Některá z nich využívali také muslimové. První mešitu se noví páni Al-Andalusie rozhodli vystavět v roce 785. Původně šlo o malou modlitebnu, která si prošla několika rozšířeními, až ještě před rokem 1000 nabobtnala na čtyřnásobek původní velikosti.

Zvonice, hlavní dominanta Pomerančového dvora, je relativně mladá, až z konce 16. století. Stojí na místě původního minaretu z 10. století. Ten prý byl se svou výškou 47 metrů divem tehdejšího stavitelství. Současná věž je ještě o 7 metrů vyšší a je dodnes nejvyšším bodem Córdoby.

Pokud jste si ve stínu pomerančovníků oddechli, můžeme se vydat dovnitř. Vstup je samozřejmě zpoplatněný. Lístky je nejlepší koupit online předem, v sezoně by totiž na vás nemusela vyjít řada. A i na konci prosince jsme si nákupem přes internet ušetřili asi dvacetiminutové čekání ve frontě.


These columns and two-tiered arches are from the original mosque. If you watch closely, you'll notice typical Arabic decorations on the ceiling in the next picture are also of Islamic tradition that prohibits figural depictions. The altars in the rear are then Christian, dedicated to various saints.

Tyhle sloupy a dvoustupňové oblouky jsou z původní mešity. Na stropě obrázku níže je pak typická arabská ornamentální výzdoba, islám totiž zakazuje zobrazovat lidi nebo zvířata. Oltáře v pozadí jsou pak pochopitelně křesťanské, zasvěcené různým svatým.


This part of the former mosque strikes me as the best-preserved. You would hardly think you're in a cathedral that has hosted masses every single day since its reconquest in the early 13th century.

Tahle část bývalé mešity mi přijde nejzachovalejší. Asi byste neřekli, že jsou z katedrály, ve které se od znovudobytí Córdoby na začátku 13. století každý den konají mše, že?


What surprised me was that Christians went on to build churches inside the original mosque. The most notable one is the Renaissance Capilla Mayor, completed in 1607. If it stood independently, it could easily pass as a cathedral on its own. Take a look for yourselves.

Nejvíc mě překvapilo, že křesťané vlastně postavili kostely a kaple uvnitř původní mešity. Nejvýznamnější je renesanční Capilla Mayor, dokončená v roce 1607. I sama o sobě by mohla být katedrálou, posuďte sami.


I particularly liked one of his pulpits, which seems distinctly Spanish in its design :)

Zaujala mě v ní ovšem hlavně tahle typicky španělská kazatelna :)


Then, there are multiple chapels and altars, with the Capilla de Villaviciosa in the first picture below being the most significant among them. The last photo is from the Capilla de Santa Teresa, built into the western wall.

Kromě tohohle kostela je v bývalé mešitě několik kaplí a oltářů. Capilla de Villaviciosa na první fotce níže je asi tou nejvýznamnější kaplí. Poslední fotka je pak z kaple Svaté Terezy, která je vbudovaná do západní zdi mešity.


And that concludes my tour of Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, the world-unique sanctuary. It's time to move on, pass by the other massive wall, and make way down to the Roman Bridge, setting for another adventure. Stay tuned for a tour of the Jewish monuments of Córdoba!

A to je konec prohlídky mešity-katedrály v Córdobě. Už zbývá jen projít kolem dalších masivních zdí a pokračovat k řece a Římskému mostu. A také k dalším cestovatelským dobrodružstvím. Příště se rozepíšu o židovských památkách v Córdobě.




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I am well aware with the history of this cathedral. It was built in 700's as a mosque and also it was expanded but then after it was captured, converted to a cathedral and nowadays it serves as the city cathedral. (I have read it a long ago so there might be any mistake)

I just have heard this all till this time but today I saw everything in actual. That Arabic design on the ceilings caught my attention. Thanks for the trip, it was awesome. Haha

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I'm glad you liked it :) Thanks for the curation.

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This place is HUGE, with the mix of architecture reminds of me of a series I saw on Netflix about Ottoman Army, when Mehmed conquer Constantinople from the Roman Empire so as it usually happen they end up using the same building from the Romans that already have a certain look but added part of the arabic culture, in this case the Ottomans, not exactly the same as Cathedral of Córdoba but you probably get my point, I really like the contrast of the dark rook section, probably dark wood?, with the gold lights behind looks like the top was made of gold, got a question, are ppl allow to take oranges? I can see they are full so probably ppl dont pick them 😅 great post was very entertaining ✌️

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Sure, but they are far from being edible - they're incredibly sour/bitter.

Netflix series may not be historically accurate ;)

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I dont think anything we see now days is historically accurate so dont worry I like to watch for entertainment only, never take their word

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Od prvního pohledu je to obrovské. Hektarové náměstí v Č.B. by se tam ztratilo jako nic :-).

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Pokud se mi podařilo najít správný zdroj, tak jen mešita-katedrála samotná bez Pomerančového dvora má 180x130 m. Takže bezmála dva a půl hektaru ;)

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Yeah, nothing lasts forever, especially the big empires. But a lot of history is what is left behind and historic buildings. A few weeks ago we watched a documentary, it was about the laws of physics in architecture and this mosque from Cordoba was one of the examples when it was expanded and how important the columns are!

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Try using Excel to truly appreciate columns ;)

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I saw that someone already mentioned the arches from the mosque from Cordoba... 😛 The point of that documentary was how those arches were built and how they can sustain the complete building that is built on top of it...
When I look at some of the current architecture, I would rather live in the past... lol...

Thanks for sharing these great photos and the story!!!


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Thanks for stopping by and curating my post :) I'm glad you liked it :)

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A very beautiful mosque, if I have the opportunity I really want to go there one day

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Well, it's been a cathedral for like 7 centuries ;)

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The bell tower is magnificent. Luxurious interiors.

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I wouldn't call them luxurious, but if you like :)

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It is possible that he picked up the wrong word. Let's say "gorgeous" then ;) OK?

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I mean, it is your impression :) Whatever suits you the best :)

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What memories of my visit last year to Cordoba.

I saw your other post about Cordoba and I have traveled to the city again.

If you go back to this city I recommend you to go in April or May to visit its patios with flowers and take the opportunity to visit the Alcazar of the Christian kings a few meters from the mosque.

Best regards

!PIZZA

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I'm glad the post revived your memories :) I'll definitelly get back there, we skipped Alcazar as there was a huge queue and it did not seem worth it to wait there for like an hour.

Thanks for stopping by :)

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The architecture of the building is quite beautiful.

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Do you know... I took a picture at that very same place as your first picture (but by night!) Good to see the pictures from inside, at least I've got an impression on what I've missed ! !LOL

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My roommate keeps saying that our house is haunted.
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But a 20' queue...?... Good that in the end we didn't head up there to enter in the sparse time we had before to leave the city... It would have been all in a hurry and the visit would have lost its magic... !LOL !PIZZA

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You could have booked it online, then there's no queue.

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That's true, but I needed to decide at night for the next morning, calculating the time I'd need to be (enough) in time at a championship at 1h estimated driving time... Not knowing how tired we'd be at 7h15 in the morning.... Fortunately I didn't book because we were both tired, and looking back afterwards it was the better thing to do, spending more time at the championship before running.... !WEED !LUV !HUG

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